Phospho-ARK-2 (T232) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0929)

Description

Background:

This gene encodes a member of the aurora kinase subfamily of serine/threonine kinases. The genes encoding the other two members of this subfamily are located on chromosomes 19 and 20. These kinases participate in the regulation of segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis through association with microtubules. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 8. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. Involved in the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores and is a key regulator for the onset of cytokinesis during mitosis. Required for central/midzone spindle assembly and cleavage furrow formation. Key component of the cytokinesis checkpoint, a process required to delay abscission to prevent both premature resolution of intercellular chromosome bridges and accumulation of DNA damage: phosphorylates CHMP4C, leading to retain abscission-competent VPS4 (VPS4A and/or VPS4B) at the midbody ring until abscission checkpoint signaling is terminated at late cytokinesis (PubMed:22422861, PubMed:24814515). AURKB phosphorylates the CPC complex subunits BIRC5/survivin, CDCA8/borealin and INCENP. Phosphorylation of INCENP leads to increased AURKB activity. Other known AURKB substrates involved in centromeric functions and mitosis are CENPA, DES/desmin, GPAF, KIF2C, NSUN2, RACGAP1, SEPT1, VIM/vimentin, GSG2/Haspin, and histone H3. A positive feedback loop involving GSG2 and AURKB contributes to localization of CPC to centromeres. Phosphorylation of VIM controls vimentin filament segregation in cytokinetic process, whereas histone H3 is phosphorylated at ‘Ser-10’ and ‘Ser-28’ during mitosis (H3S10ph and H3S28ph, respectively). A positive feedback between GSG2 and AURKB contributes to CPC localization. AURKB is also required for kinetochore localization of BUB1 and SGOL1. Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 negatively regulates its transcriptional activity. Key regulator of active promoters in resting B- and T-lymphocytes: acts by mediating phosphorylation of H3S28ph at active promoters in resting B-cells, inhibiting RNF2/RING1B-mediated ubiquitination of histone H2A and enhancing binding and activity of the USP16 deubiquitinase at transcribed genes.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-ARK-2 (T232) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0929)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human ARK-2 around the phosphorylation site of T232.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. Feedback control of chromosome separation by a midzone Aurora B gradient. Afonso O, et al. Science, 2014 Jul 18. PMID 24925910
2. Close correlation between MEK/ERK and Aurora-B signaling pathways in sustaining tumorigenic potential and radioresistance of gynecological cancer cell lines. Marampon F, et al. Int J Oncol, 2014 Jan. PMID 24189697
3. Aurora B kinase is required for cytokinesis through effecting spindle structure. Wu Q, et al. Cell Biol Int, 2013 May. PMID 23584797
4. Aurora B inhibitor barasertib and cytarabine exert a greater-than-additive cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Yamauchi T, et al. Cancer Sci, 2013 Jul. PMID 23557198
5. Aurora-B overexpression is correlated with aneuploidy and poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Takeshita M, et al. Lung Cancer, 2013 Apr. PMID 23313006
6. cDNA cloning, expression, subcellular localization, and chromosomal assignment of mammalian aurora homologues, aurora-related kinase (ARK) 1 and 2.
   Shindo M., Nakano H., Kuroyanagi H., Shirasawa T., Mihara M., Gilbert D.J., Jenkins N.A., Copeland N.G., Yagita H., Okumura K.
   Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 244:285-292(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT THR-298.
7. Multinuclearity and increased ploidy caused by overexpression of the aurora- and Ipl1-like midbody-associated protein mitotic kinase in human cancer cells.
   Tatsuka M., Katayama H., Ota T., Tanaka T., Odashima S., Suzuki F., Terada Y.
   Cancer Res. 58:4811-4816(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, VARIANT THR-298.
8. Identification and characterization of STK12/Aik2: a human gene related to aurora of Drosophila and yeast IPL1.
   Kimura M., Matsuda Y., Yoshioka T., Sumi N., Okano Y.
   Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 82:147-152(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, VARIANT THR-298. Tissue: Liver and Spleen.
9. In silico cloning of a new protein kinase, Aik2, related to Drosophila aurora using the new tool: EST Blast.
   Prigent C., Gill R., Trower M., Sanseau P.
   In Silico Biol. 1:123-128(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT THR-298.
10. Cloning of a novel human gene homologous to mouse STK-1.
    Zhang Q., Yu L., Bi A.
    Submitted (JUL-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT THR-298.