Phospho-Histone H2A (T121) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P1071)

Description

Background:

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2A family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

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References:

1. Human USP3 is a chromatin modifier required for S phase progression and genome stability. Nicassio F, et al. Curr Biol, 2007 Nov 20. PMID 17980597
2. Precise characterization of human histones in the H2A gene family by top down mass spectrometry. Boyne MT 2nd, et al. J Proteome Res, 2006 Feb. PMID 16457589
3. The human H2A and H2B histone gene complement. Albig W, et al. Biol Chem, 1999 Jan. PMID 10064132
4. The human histone gene cluster at the D6S105 locus. Albig W, et al. Hum Genet, 1997 Dec. PMID 9439656
5. Enhancement of the p300 HAT activity by HIV-1 Tat on chromatin DNA. Deng L, et al. Virology, 2001 Oct 25. PMID 11689053
6. The human histone gene cluster at the D6S105 locus.
   Albig W., Doenecke D.
   Hum. Genet. 101:284-294(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (HIST1H2AI; HIST1H2AK AND HIST1H2AL).
7. The human H2A and H2B histone gene complement.
   Albig W., Trappe R., Kardalinou E., Eick S., Doenecke D.
   Biol. Chem. 380:7-18(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (HIST1H2AI; HIST1H2AK AND HIST1H2AL).
8. A novel divergently transcribed human histone H2A/H2B gene pair.
   Dobner T., Wolf I., Mai B., Lipp M.
   DNA Seq. 1:409-413(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE (HIST1H2AM).
9. The relative expression of human histone H2A genes is similar in different types of proliferating cells.
   Mannironi C., Orr A., Hatch C., Pilch D., Ivanova V., Bonner W.
   DNA Cell Biol. 13:161-170(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE (HIST1H2AG).
10. The human and mouse replication-dependent histone genes.
    Marzluff W.F., Gongidi P., Woods K.R., Jin J., Maltais L.J.
    Genomics 80:487-498(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (HIST1H2AG; HIST1H2AI; HIST1H2AK; HIST1H2AL AND HIST1H2AM).