Phospho-MEK-1/2 (S222/226) Polyclonal Antibody, 100 µg, (ATB-P0168)

Description

Background:

Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2, leading to their activation and further transduction of the signal within the MAPK/ERK cascade. Depending on the cellular context, this pathway mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation, predominantly through the regulation of transcription, metabolism and cytoskeletal rearrangements. One target of the MAPK/ERK cascade is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a nuclear receptor that promotes differentiation and apoptosis. MAP2K1/MEK1 has been shown to export PPARG from the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC), as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis.

Product datasheet:

References:

1. Human T-cell mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases are related to yeast signal transduction kinases.
   Seger R., Seger D., Lozeman F.J., Ahn N.G., Graves L.M., Campbell J.S., Ericsson L., Harrylock M., Jensen A.M., Krebs E.G.
   J. Biol. Chem. 267:25628-25631(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: T-cell.
2. Cloning and characterization of two distinct human extracellular signal-regulated kinase activator kinases, MEK1 and MEK2.
   Zheng C.-F., Guan K.-L.
   J. Biol. Chem. 268:11435-11439(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
3. Activation of MEK family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved Ser/Thr residues.
   Zheng C.-F., Guan K.-L.
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4. Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor.
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5. Susceptibility of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family members to proteolysis by anthrax lethal factor.
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6. The MAP kinase pathway is required for entry into mitosis and cell survival.
   Liu X., Yan S., Zhou T., Terada Y., Erikson R.L.
   Oncogene 23:763-776(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, FUNCTION.
7. Role of group A p21-activated kinases in activation of extracellular-regulated kinase by growth factors.
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   J. Biol. Chem. 280:36609-36615(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-298.
8. Yersinia YopJ acetylates and inhibits kinase activation by blocking phosphorylation.
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9. Interaction with MEK causes nuclear export and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
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   Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:803-817(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH PPARG.
10. Final stages of cytokinesis and midbody ring formation are controlled by BRUCE.
    Pohl C., Jentsch S.
    Cell 132:832-845(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH BIRC6/BRUCE.