Phospho-MEK-4 (S80) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0171)

Description

Background:

This gene encodes a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Members of this family act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation, and development. They form a three-tiered signaling module composed of MAPKKKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKs. This protein is phosphorylated at serine and threonine residues by MAPKKKs and subsequently phosphorylates downstream MAPK targets at threonine and tyrosine residues. A similar protein in mouse has been reported to play a role in liver organogenesis. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Essential component of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. With MAP2K7/MKK7, is the one of the only known kinase to directly activate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2 and MAPK10/JNK3. MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 both activate the JNKs by phosphorylation, but they differ in their preference for the phosphorylation site in the Thr-Pro-Tyr motif. MAP2K4 shows preference for phosphorylation of the Tyr residue and MAP2K7/MKK7 for the Thr residue. The phosphorylation of the Thr residue by MAP2K7/MKK7 seems to be the prerequisite for JNK activation at least in response to proinflammatory cytokines, while other stimuli activate both MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 which synergistically phosphorylate JNKs. MAP2K4 is required for maintaining peripheral lymphoid homeostasis. The MKK/JNK signaling pathway is also involved in mitochondrial death signaling pathway, including the release cytochrome c, leading to apoptosis. Whereas MAP2K7/MKK7 exclusively activates JNKs, MAP2K4/MKK4 additionally activates the p38 MAPKs MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-MEK-4 (S80) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0171)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human MEK-4 around the phosphorylation site of S80.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. MicroRNA-27a promotes proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting MAP2K4 in human osteosarcoma cells. Pan W, et al. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2014. PMID 24556602
2. Eupatilin, a major flavonoid of Artemisia, attenuates aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting PI3K, MKK3/6, and MKK4 activities. Son JE, et al. Planta Med, 2013 Aug. PMID 23877919
3. Crystal and solution structures disclose a putative transient state of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4. Matsumoto T, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2012 Aug 24. PMID 22828509
4. Mammalian MAPK signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation: a 10-year update. Kyriakis JM, et al. Physiol Rev, 2012 Apr. PMID 22535895
5. Role of the functional MKK4 promoter variant (-1304T>G) in a decreased risk of prostate cancer: case-control study and meta-analysis. Shao N, et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2012 Sep. PMID 22526163
6. Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms.
   Derijard B., Raingeaud J., Barrett T., Wu I.-H., Han J., Ulevitch R.J., Davis R.J.
   Science 267:682-685(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain.
7. Identification of a dual specificity kinase that activates the Jun kinases and p38-Mpk2.
   Lin A., Minden A., Martinetto H., Claret F.-X., Lange-Carter C., Mercurio F., Johnson G.L., Karin M.
   Science 268:286-290(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION.
8. Alterations in pancreatic, biliary, and breast carcinomas support MKK4 as a genetically targeted tumor suppressor gene.
   Su G.H., Hilgers W., Shekher M.C., Tang D.J., Yeo C.J., Hruban R.H., Kern S.E.
   Cancer Res. 58:2339-2342(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
9. Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201).
   Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B.
   Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
10. Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector.
    Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A.
    Submitted (OCT-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).