Phospho-NFκB-p100 (S872) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0375)

Description

Background:

This gene encodes a subunit of the transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkB). The NFkB complex is expressed in numerous cell types and functions as a central activator of genes involved in inflammation and immune function. The protein encoded by this gene can function as both a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on its dimerization partner. The p100 full-length protein is co-translationally processed into a p52 active form. Chromosomal rearrangements and translocations of this locus have been observed in B cell lymphomas, some of which may result in the formation of fusion proteins. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]

NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. In a non-canonical activation pathway, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RelB-p52 complex is a transcriptional activator. The NF-kappa-B p52-p52 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor. NFKB2 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p100 and generation of p52 by a cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p52 and p100 and preserves their independent function. p52 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5′-GGRNNYYCC-3′, located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. p52 and p100 are respectively the minor and major form; the processing of p100 being relatively poor. Isoform p49 is a subunit of the NF-kappa-B protein complex, which stimulates the HIV enhancer in synergy with p65. In concert with RELB, regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-NFκB-p100 (S872) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0375)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human NFκB-p100 around the phosphorylation site of S872.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. Autosomal-dominant B-cell deficiency with alopecia due to a mutation in NFKB2 that results in nonprocessable p100. Lee CE, et al. Blood, 2014 Nov 6. PMID 25237204 Free PMC Article
2. NFκB2/p100 is a key factor for endotoxin tolerance in human monocytes: a demonstration using primary human monocytes from patients with sepsis. Cubillos-Zapata C, et al. J Immunol, 2014 Oct 15. PMID 25225662
3. NF-κB protein expression associates with (18)F-FDG PET tumor uptake in non-small cell lung cancer: a radiogenomics validation study to understand tumor metabolism. Nair VS, et al. Lung Cancer, 2014 Feb. PMID 24355259 Free PMC Article
4. NF-κB2/p52 induces resistance to enzalutamide in prostate cancer: role of androgen receptor and its variants. Nadiminty N, et al. Mol Cancer Ther, 2013 Aug. PMID 23699654 Free PMC Article
5. SCF-mediated degradation of p100 (NF-κB2): mechanisms and relevance in multiple myeloma. Busino L, et al. Sci Signal, 2012 Dec 4. PMID 23211527 Free PMC Article
6. Cloning of an NF-kappa B subunit which stimulates HIV transcription in synergy with p65.
   Schmid R.M., Perkins N.D., Duckett C.S., Andrews P.C., Nabel G.J.
   Nature 352:733-736(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 3 AND 4). Tissue: Leukemia.
7. A novel mitogen-inducible gene product related to p50/p105-NF-kappa B participates in transactivation through a kappa B site.
   Bours V., Burd P.R., Brown K., Villalobos J., Park S., Ryseck R.P., Bravo R., Kelly K., Siebenlist U.
   Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:685-695(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
8. Rearrangement and altered expression of the NFKB-2 gene in human cutaneous T-lymphoma cells.
   Thakur S., Lin H.C., Tseng W.T., Kumar S., Bravo R., Foss F., Gelinas C., Rabson A.B.
   Oncogene 9:2335-2344(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION, P80HT GENERATION.
9. Rabson A.B.
   Submitted (FEB-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: SEQUENCE REVISION.
10. Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector.
    Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A.
    Submitted (AUG-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 4).