Phospho-PAKγ (S141) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0430)

Description

Background:

The p21 activated kinases (PAK) are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. The PAK proteins are a family of serine/threonine kinases that serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins, CDC42 and RAC1, and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. The protein encoded by this gene is activated by proteolytic cleavage during caspase-mediated apoptosis, and may play a role in regulating the apoptotic events in the dying cell. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Phosphorylates JUN and plays an important role in EGF-induced cell proliferation. Phosphorylates many other substrates including histone H4 to promote assembly of H3.3 and H4 into nucleosomes, BAD, ribosomal protein S6, or MBP. Additionally, associates with ARHGEF7 and GIT1 to perform kinase-independent functions such as spindle orientation control during mitosis. On the other hand, apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage lead to caspase-mediated cleavage of PAK2, generating PAK-2p34, an active p34 fragment that translocates to the nucleus and promotes cellular apoptosis involving the JNK signaling pathway. Caspase-activated PAK2 phosphorylates MKNK1 and reduces cellular translation.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-PAKγ (S141) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0430)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human PAKγ around the phosphorylation site of S141.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. Activation of P21-activated protein kinase 2 is an independent prognostic predictor for patients with gastric cancer. Gao C, et al. Diagn Pathol, 2014 Mar 12. PMID 24621074 Free PMC Article
2. P21-activated protein kinase (PAK2)-mediated c-Jun phosphorylation at 5 threonine sites promotes cell transformation. Li T, et al. Carcinogenesis, 2011 May. PMID 21177766 Free PMC Article
3. Mechanistic studies of the autoactivation of PAK2: a two-step model of cis initiation followed by trans amplification. Wang J, et al. J Biol Chem, 2011 Jan 28. PMID 21098037 Free PMC Article
4. Elevated p21-activated kinase 2 activity results in anchorage-independent growth and resistance to anticancer drug-induced cell death. Marlin JW, et al. Neoplasia, 2009 Mar. PMID 19242610 Free PMC Article
5. Negative regulation of caspase 3-cleaved PAK2 activity by protein phosphatase 1. Wang J, et al. Sci China C Life Sci, 2008 Jan. PMID 18176785
6. Sells M., Knause U.J., Bagrodia S., Ambrose D., Bokoch G.M., Chernoff J.
   Submitted (APR-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).
   The MGC Project Team
   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
8. A novel serine kinase activated by rac1/CDC42Hs-dependent autophosphorylation is related to PAK65 and STE20.
   Martin G.A., Bollag G., McCormick F., Abo A.
   EMBO J. 14:1970-1978(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 32-524, PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 401-417. Tissue: Placenta.
9. Erratum
   Martin G.A., Bollag G., McCormick F., Abo A.
   EMBO J. 14:4385-4385(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC]
10. Activation of an S6/H4 kinase (PAK 65) from human placenta by intramolecular and intermolecular autophosphorylation.
    Benner G.E., Dennis P.B., Masaracchia R.A.
    J. Biol. Chem. 270:21121-21128(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION.