Phospho-SGK1 (S422) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0244)

Description

Background:

This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. This kinase activates certain potassium, sodium, and chloride channels, suggesting an involvement in the regulation of processes such as cell survival, neuronal excitability, and renal sodium excretion. High levels of expression of this gene may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of ion channels, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, transcription factors, neuronal excitability, cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and apoptosis. Plays an important role in cellular stress response. Contributes to regulation of renal Na⁺ retention, renal K⁺ elimination, salt appetite, gastric acid secretion, intestinal Na⁺/H⁺ exchange and nutrient transport, insulin-dependent salt sensitivity of blood pressure, salt sensitivity of peripheral glucose uptake, cardiac repolarization and memory consolidation. Up-regulates Na⁺ channels: SCNN1A/ENAC, SCN5A and ASIC1/ACCN2, K⁺ channels: KCNJ1/ROMK1, KCNA1-5, KCNQ1-5 and KCNE1, epithelial Ca²⁺ channels: TRPV5 and TRPV6, chloride channels: BSND, CLCN2 and CFTR, glutamate transporters: SLC1A3/EAAT1, SLC1A2 /EAAT2, SLC1A1/EAAT3, SLC1A6/EAAT4 and SLC1A7/EAAT5, amino acid transporters: SLC1A5/ASCT2, SLC38A1/SN1 and SLC6A19, creatine transporter: SLC6A8, Na⁺/dicarboxylate cotransporter: SLC13A2/NADC1, Na⁺-dependent phosphate cotransporter: SLC34A2/NAPI-2B, glutamate receptor: GRIK2/GLUR6. Up-regulates carriers: SLC9A3/NHE3, SLC12A1/NKCC2, SLC12A3/NCC, SLC5A3/SMIT, SLC2A1/GLUT1, SLC5A1/SGLT1 and SLC15A2/PEPT2. Regulates enzymes: GSK3A/B, PMM2 and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase, and transcription factors: CTNNB1 and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B. Stimulates sodium transport into epithelial cells by enhancing the stability and expression of SCNN1A/ENAC. This is achieved by phosphorylating the NEDD4L ubiquitin E3 ligase, promoting its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, thereby preventing it from binding to SCNN1A/ENAC and targeting it for degradation. Regulates store-operated Ca(+2) entry (SOCE) by stimulating ORAI1 and STIM1. Regulates KCNJ1/ROMK1 directly via its phosphorylation or indirectly via increased interaction with SLC9A3R2/NHERF2. Phosphorylates MDM2 and activates MDM2-dependent ubiquitination of p53/TP53. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU and mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. Phosphorylates SLC2A4/GLUT4 and up-regulates its activity. Phosphorylates APBB1/FE65 and promotes its localization to the nucleus. Phosphorylates MAPK1/ERK2 and activates it by enhancing its interaction with MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Phosphorylates FBXW7 and plays an inhibitory role in the NOTCH1 signaling. Phosphorylates FOXO1 resulting in its relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Phosphorylates FOXO3, promoting its exit from the nucleus and interference with FOXO3-dependent transcription. Phosphorylates BRAF and MAP3K3/MEKK3 and inhibits their activity. Phosphorylates SLC9A3/NHE3 in response to dexamethasone, resulting in its activation and increased localization at the cell membrane. Phosphorylates CREB1. Necessary for vascular remodeling during angiogenesis. Sustained high levels and activity may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Isoform 2 exhibited a greater effect on cell plasma membrane expression of SCNN1A/ENAC and Na⁺ transport than isoform 1.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-SGK1 (S422) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0244)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human SGK1 around the phosphorylation site of S422.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. A gene-based analysis of variants in the serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase (SGK) genes with blood pressure responses to sodium intake: the GenSalt Study. Li C, et al. PLoS One, 2014. PMID 24878720 Free PMC Article
2. Revealing the role of SGK1 in the dynamics of medulloblastoma using a mathematical model. Kawka J, et al. J Theor Biol, 2014 Aug 7. PMID 24685888
3. Urinary serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 reflects renal injury in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Lu X, et al. Nephrology (Carlton), 2014 Jun. PMID 24602173
4. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) is regulated by store-operated Ca2+ entry and mediates cytoprotection against necrotic cell death. Brickley DR, et al. J Biol Chem, 2013 Nov 8. PMID 24043625 Free PMC Article
5. Serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and tumor growth. Lang F, et al. Hormones (Athens), 2013 Apr-Jun. PMID 23933686
6. Cloning and characterization of a putative human serine/threonine protein kinase transcriptionally modified during anisotonic and isotonic alterations of cell volume.
   Waldegger S., Barth P., Raber G., Lang F.
   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:4440-4445(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
7. Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human SGK protein kinase gene.
   Waldegger S., Erdel M., Nagl U.O., Barth P., Raber G., Steuer S., Utermann G., Paulmichl M., Lang F.
   Genomics 51:299-302(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING (ISOFORM 1).
8. An evolutionarily conserved N-terminal Sgk1 variant with enhanced stability and improved function.
   Raikwar N.S., Snyder P.M., Thomas C.P.
   Am. J. Physiol. 295:F1440-F1448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), FUNCTION, ALTERNATIVE PROMOTER USAGE, INDUCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Brain.
9. Transcriptional variants of serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 show differential localisation and regulation.
   Hall B.A., Blakeley S., Daniels N.A., Jamieson D., Brickley D., Reynolds N.J., Conzen S.D., Jackson T.R.
   Submitted (AUG-2008) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2; 3; 4 AND 5), ALTERNATIVE PROMOTER USAGE. Tissue: Glioblastoma, Hippocampus and Skin.
10. A catalogue of genes in the human dermal papilla cells as identified by expressed sequence tags.
    Kim M.K., Kim Y.H., Seo J.M., Lee H.M., Chung H.J., Sohn M.Y., Hwang S.Y., Im S.U., Jung E.J., Lee J.H., Kim J.C.
    Submitted (MAY-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Hair follicle dermal papilla.