Phospho-Smad2 (S465) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0840)

Description

Background:

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene ‘mothers against decapentaplegic’ (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. In response to TGF-beta signal, this protein is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors. The phosphorylation induces the dissociation of this protein with SARA and the association with the family member SMAD4. The association with SMAD4 is important for the translocation of this protein into the nucleus, where it binds to target promoters and forms a transcription repressor complex with other cofactors. This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-Smad2 (S465) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0840)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human Smad2 around the phosphorylation site of S465.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. Overexpression of Smad2 inhibits proliferation of gingival epithelial cells. Shimoe M, et al. J Periodontal Res, 2014 Jun. PMID 23738652
2. Smad2-dependent glycosaminoglycan elongation in aortic valve interstitial cells enhances binding of LDL to proteoglycans. Osman N, et al. Cardiovasc Pathol, 2013 Mar-Apr. PMID 22999704
3. TGF-β inhibits the uptake of modified low density lipoprotein by human macrophages through a Smad-dependent pathway: a dominant role for Smad-2. Michael DR, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2012 Oct. PMID 22705205 Free PMC Article
4. Phosphorylated smad2 in advanced stage gastric carcinoma. Shinto O, et al. BMC Cancer, 2010 Nov 26. PMID 21110833 Free PMC Article
5. Association of SMAD2 polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. Kim BJ, et al. Osteoporos Int, 2011 Aug. PMID 21052639
6. Mad-related genes in the human.
   Riggins G.J., Thiagalingam S., Rosenblum E., Weinstein C.L., Kern S.E., Hamilton S.R., Willson J.K.V., Markowitz S.D., Kinzler K.W., Vogelstein B.V.
   Nat. Genet. 13:347-349(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG), VARIANT 344-GLU–GLN-358 DEL.
7. Receptor-associated Mad homologues synergize as effectors of the TGF-beta response.
   Zhang Y., Feng X.-H., Wu R.-Y., Derynck R.
   Nature 383:168-172(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG). Tissue: Placenta.
8. MADR2 maps to 18q21 and encodes a TGFbeta-regulated MAD-related protein that is functionally mutated in colorectal carcinoma.
   Eppert K., Scherer S.W., Ozcelik H., Pirone R., Hoodless P., Kim H., Tsui L.-C., Bapat B., Gallinger S., Andrulis I.L., Thomsen G.H., Wrana J.L., Attisano L.
   Cell 86:543-552(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG), PHOSPHORYLATION BY TGFBR1, VARIANTS CYS-133; ARG-440; HIS-445 AND GLU-450. Tissue: Kidney.
9. Dual role of the Smad4/DPC4 tumor suppressor in TGFbeta-inducible transcriptional complexes.
   Liu F., Pouponnot C., Massague J.
   Genes Dev. 11:3157-3167(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG).
10. Characterization of the MADH2/Smad2 gene, a human Mad homolog responsible for the transforming growth factor-beta and activin signal transduction pathway.
    Takenoshita S., Mogi A., Nagashima M., Yang K., Yagi K., Hanyu A., Nagamachi Y., Miyazono K., Hagiwara K.
    Genomics 48:1-11(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORMS LONG AND SHORT).