Phospho-Cdk2 (T160) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0060)

Description

Background:

This gene encodes a member of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that participate in cell cycle regulation. The encoded protein is the catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase complex, which regulates progression through the cell cycle. Activity of this protein is especially critical during the G1 to S phase transition. This protein associates with and regulated by other subunits of the complex including cyclin A or E, CDK inhibitor p21Cip1 (CDKN1A), and p27Kip1 (CDKN1B). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-Cdk2 (T160) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0060)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human Cdk2 around the phosphorylation site of T160.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. Extra precision docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics simulation studies of CDK2 inhibitors. Tripathi SK, et al. J Theor Biol, 2013 Oct 7. PMID 23727278
2. Essential role for Cdk2 inhibitory phosphorylation during replication stress revealed by a human Cdk2 knockin mutation. Hughes BT, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2013 May 28. PMID 23671119 Free PMC Article
3. [Changes of protein expression in HepG2 cells with CDK2 RNA interference]. Shang J, et al. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2013 Apr. PMID 23643165
4. Predicting the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CDK2-flavopiridol complex by molecular dynamics analysis. Nagasundaram N, et al. Cell Biochem Biophys, 2013 Jul. PMID 23300027
5. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylates s/t-p sites in the hepadnavirus core protein C-terminal domain and is incorporated into viral capsids. Ludgate L, et al. J Virol, 2012 Nov. PMID 22951823 Free PMC Article
6. A new human p34 protein kinase, CDK2, identified by complementation of a cdc28 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a homolog of Xenopus Eg1.
   Elledge S.J., Spottswood M.R.
   EMBO J. 10:2653-2659(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
7. Isolation of the human cdk2 gene that encodes the cyclin A- and adenovirus E1A-associated p33 kinase.
   Tsai L.-H., Harlow E., Meyerson M.
   Nature 353:174-177(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
8. Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a CDC2-related kinase by complementation of a budding yeast cdc28 mutation.
   Ninomiya-Tsuji J., Nomoto S., Yasuda H., Reed S.I., Matsumoto K.
   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:9006-9010(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
9. Sequence of deletion type cdk2 variant in human breast cancer.
   Nishikawa T., Ohta T., Fukuda M., Ogata H., Okamoto K., Isohashi F., Arima K., Yamaguchi S.
   Submitted (MAR-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE (ISOFORM 2).
10. Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector.
    Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A.
    Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).