Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Y204) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0101)

Description

Background:

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated by upstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Y204) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0101)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human ERK 1/2 around the phosphorylation site of Y204.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression and activation in mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma: associations with clinicopathological parameters and patients survival. Theocharis S, et al. Tumour Biol, 2014 Jul. PMID 24682903
2. ERK1/2 signaling plays an important role in topoisomerase II poison-induced G2/M checkpoint activation. Kolb RH, et al. PLoS One, 2012. PMID 23166842 Free PMC Article
3. Nuclear localization of phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 as markers for the progression of ovarian cancer. Amsterdam A, et al. Int J Oncol, 2011 Sep. PMID 21687944
4. ERK-1 MAP kinase prevents TNF-induced apoptosis through bad phosphorylation and inhibition of Bax translocation in HeLa Cells. Pucci B, et al. J Cell Biochem, 2009 Dec 1. PMID 19777442
5. Crystal structure of human mono-phosphorylated ERK1 at Tyr204. Kinoshita T, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008 Dec 26. PMID 18983981
6. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase p44erk1.
   Charest D.L., Jirik F., Harder K., Pelech S.L., Mordret G.
   Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4679-4690(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Hepatoma.
7. Properties of human ERK1b.
   Aebersold D.M., Yung Y., Seger R.
   Submitted (APR-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 3).
8. Identification of dominant negative Erk1/2 variants in cancer cells.
   Cheng H., Ren S., Qiu R., Wang M., Feng Y.H.
   Submitted (FEB-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
9. SeattleSNPs variation discovery resource
   Submitted (DEC-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
10. The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.
    Martin J., Han C., Gordon L.A., Terry A., Prabhakar S., She X., Xie G., Hellsten U., Chan Y.M., Altherr M., Couronne O., Aerts A., Bajorek E., Black S., Blumer H., Branscomb E., Brown N.C., Bruno W.J.
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    Nature 432:988-994(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].