Phospho-PAKα (S199) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0757)

Description

Background:

This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. This specific family member regulates cell motility and morphology. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby mediates activation of downstream MAP kinases. Involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, actin stress fibers and of focal adhesion complexes. Phosphorylates the tubulin chaperone TBCB and thereby plays a role in the regulation of microtubule biogenesis and organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose levels. Part of a ternary complex that contains PAK1, DVL1 and MUSK that is important for MUSK-dependent regulation of AChR clustering during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2. Phosphorylates MYL9/MLC2. Phosphorylates RAF1 at ‘Ser-338’ and ‘Ser-339’ resulting in: activation of RAF1, stimulation of RAF1 translocation to mitochondria, phosphorylation of BAD by RAF1, and RAF1 binding to BCL2. Phosphorylates SNAI1 at ‘Ser-246’ promoting its transcriptional repressor activity by increasing its accumulation in the nucleus. In podocytes, promotes NR3C2 nuclear localization. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced phosphorylation of LIMK1 and cofilin (CFL1) and for the up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. In synapses, seems to mediate the regulation of F-actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3, maybe through CFL1 phosphorylation and inactivation.

Product datasheet:

Overview
Product Description	Phospho-PAKα (S199) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P0757)
Image
Species Reactivities	Human,Mouse,Rat,Monkey
Immunogen	Synthesized peptide derived from human PAKα around the phosphorylation site of S199.
Properties
Form	Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Storage Instructions	-20°C/1 year
Clonality	Polyclonal

References:

1. Tracing PAKs from GI inflammation to cancer. Dammann K, et al. Gut, 2014 Jul. PMID 24811999
2. Prognostic importance and therapeutic implications of PAK1, a drugable protein kinase, in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Li Z, et al. PLoS One, 2013. PMID 24236193 Free PMC Article
3. PAK1 protein expression in the auditory cortex of schizophrenia subjects. Deo AJ, et al. PLoS One, 2013. PMID 23613712 Free PMC Article
4. P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a therapeutic target in BRAF wild-type melanoma. Ong CC, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2013 May 1. PMID 23535073
5. Synergistic activation of p21-activated kinase 1 by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and Rho GTPases. Malecka KA, et al. J Biol Chem, 2013 Mar 29. PMID 23393142 Free PMC Article
6. Human Ste20 homologue hPAK1 links GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway.
   Brown J.L., Stowers L., Baer M., Trejo J., Coughlin S., Chant J.
   Curr. Biol. 6:598-605(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION. Tissue: Placenta.
7. Human p21-activated kinase (Pak1) regulates actin organization in mammalian cells.
   Sells M.A., Knaus U.G., Bagrodia S., Ambrose D.M., Bokoch G.M., Chernoff J.
   Curr. Biol. 7:202-210(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION.
8. Human PAK1B.
   Reid T., Aspenstroem P., Bertoglio J.
   Submitted (JUN-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
9. Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.
   Taylor T.D., Noguchi H., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Kuroki Y., Dewar K., Lloyd C., Itoh T., Takeda T., Kim D.-W., She X., Barlow K.F., Bloom T., Bruford E., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Eichler E., FitzGerald M.G.
   , Jaffe D.B., LaButti K., Nicol R., Park H.-S., Seaman C., Sougnez C., Yang X., Zimmer A.R., Zody M.C., Birren B.W., Nusbaum C., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Rogers J., Lander E.S., Sakaki Y.
   Nature 440:497-500(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC]

   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].

10. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).
    The MGC Project Team
    Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).