Phospho-TIRAP (Y86) Polyclonal Antibody, 100µg, (ATB-P1112)

Description

Background:

The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a TIR adaptor protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway of the immune system. It activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which then results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Adapter involved in TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK2 and TRAF-6, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, and resulting in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Positively regulates the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6.

Product datasheet:

References:

1. Crystal structures of the Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains from the Brucella protein TcpB and host adaptor TIRAP reveal mechanisms of molecular mimicry. Snyder GA, et al. J Biol Chem, 2014 Jan 10. PMID 24275656 Free PMC Article
2. TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein gene TIRAP S180L polymorphism is not increased in Behçet’s disease patients in two ethnic cohorts. Turunc G, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2013 May-Jun. PMID 24064014
3. MyD88 in DNA repair and cancer cell resistance to genotoxic drugs. Kfoury A, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2013 Jul 3. PMID 23766530 Free PMC Article
4. A TIR domain receptor-associated protein (TIRAP) variant SNP (rs8177374) confers protection against premature birth. Karody VR, et al. J Perinatol, 2013 May. PMID 23047423
5. Association of Mal/TIRAP S180L variant polymorphism with decreased infection risk in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection. Papadopoulos AI, et al. Cytokine, 2012 Oct. PMID 22683004
6. Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction.
   Fitzgerald K.A., Palsson-McDermott E.M., Bowie A.G., Jefferies C.A., Mansell A.S., Brady G., Brint E., Dunne A., Gray P., Harte M.T., McMurray D., Smith D.E., Sims J.E., Bird T.A., O’Neill L.A.J.
   Nature 413:78-83(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), MUTAGENESIS OF PRO-125, VARIANT ASN-55. Tissue: Dendritic cell.
7. TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway.
   Horng T., Barton G.M., Medzhitov R.
   Nat. Immunol. 2:835-841(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), MUTAGENESIS OF PRO-125, INTERACTION WITH EIF2AK2.
8. Characterization and structural analysis of TIR domain-containing adaptor protein Wyatt.
   Kirk P.B., Pereira J.P., Bazan J.F.
   Submitted (AUG-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
9. Two isoforms of MAL, generated by alternative splicing, are found in humans but not mice.
   Hardy M.P., O’Neill L.A.J.
   Submitted (MAR-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databasesCited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2).
10. Natural selection in the TLR-related genes in the course of primate evolution.
    Nakajima T., Ohtani H., Satta Y., Uno Y., Akari H., Ishida T., Kimura A.
    Immunogenetics 60:727-735(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).